Are Blue Roses Possible?
Blue roses do not exist naturally because roses lack the genes necessary to produce the blue pigment delphinidin. However, through scientific advancements and genetic engineering, it is possible to create roses that appear blue or blue-tinted.
Scientific Advancements in Creating Blue Roses
Genetic Modifications
Researchers have employed various genetic engineering techniques to introduce the necessary genes for blue pigment production into roses:
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Researchers from Florigene (Australia) and Suntory (Japan) introduced genes from pansy and iris into roses to produce delphinidin, the blue pigment. They used RNAi gene silencing technology to turn off the enzyme dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) in the rose, which otherwise would convert the precursor pigments into other colors. This resulted in the ‘Applause’ variety, which has a mauve color due to the incomplete silencing of the DFR enzyme and the acidic environment of the rose petals.
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Another approach involved using bacterial enzymes to produce indigoidine, a blue pigment. Scientists introduced genes from bacteria into roses using Agrobacterium, which converted L-glutamine into indigoidine, resulting in a deeper blue color. However, this method is not stable, and the color fades quickly, making it impractical for commercial production.
Hybridization Techniques
Traditional hybridization techniques have been unsuccessful in producing blue roses because roses do not possess the necessary genes for blue pigment production. Despite centuries of attempts, no blue rose has been achieved through conventional breeding methods.
What Blue Rose Cultivars Exist?
The closest to a blue rose is the ‘Applause’ variety, which is genetically engineered but appears more mauve than blue due to the factors mentioned above. This variety is commercially available in Japan, the US, and Canada since 2009 and 2011, respectively.
Availability and Pricing of Real Blue Roses
Availability
The ‘Applause’ variety, the closest to a blue rose, is available commercially in Japan, the US, and Canada. However, it is not widely available in all nurseries and may be more commonly found through specialty florists or online retailers.
Pricing
The pricing of ‘Applause’ blue roses can vary significantly depending on the location, season, and availability. Given their unique nature and the extensive research involved, they are generally more expensive than traditional rose varieties.
Sizes and Seasonal Considerations
The ‘Applause’ roses are available in various sizes, including cut flowers and potted plants. Seasonal availability might vary, but they are generally available year-round through controlled greenhouse environments.
Conclusion
While true blue roses do not exist naturally, scientific advancements in genetic engineering have made it possible to create roses with a blue or blue-tinted appearance. The ‘Applause’ variety is the closest commercially available option, but it is not widely distributed and can be more expensive than traditional rose varieties.
